There was an idea to give people’s craftsmen several recommendations for assembling a wind generator with their own hands from improvised materials, which will allow you to profitably — from an economic point of view — to produce electricity.
The basic principles that the wind generator should meet are the effectiveness and uninterrupted energy providing for small economic needs (at least up to 1 — 2 kW). The second important aspect — the design should be lightweight made of improvised materials, so that the indicator of profitability at least relative to material resources (excluding labor and time for manufacturing) is in the plus.
To imagine what the wind generator should consist of is easy, it is more difficult to assemble the structure. But the most difficult thing is to get the necessary quality details and equipment without physical wear. So that the wind generator serves faithfully, all components and mechanisms must work clearly and uninterruptedly, like a clock.
The main constituent elements of the wind generator, which cannot be dispensed with:
High -quality wear -resistant and stable phenomena material for the propeller blades and its «tail»
stainless fasteners and metizes
a mast for installing a windmill at the required height of metal or sufficiently durable pipes withstanding the weight of the structure
Energy converter generator
Battery 75A
Inverter 12-220v 1000 watts (voltage converter)
voltmeter, ammeter
Power and signal cable
Painting materials
car battery relay
Control relay of a charge lamp
switch pg
Tool (nippers, hammer, worships)
A skein of stainless wire or clamps, for greater reliability — a welded metal frame
Now we will dwell in more detail why and where to apply them.
We will discuss the main part of the windmill close — propeller and tail. If the propeller meets the wind in the face, then the tail determines its direction and turns the propeller to it. Propeller and tail are attached motionless to the horizontal axis. Propeller design can have one or three blades. Instead of blades, they also use a less noisy, but technically more complex design — a wind wheel, which, although it has some advantages at a low wind speed, but less efficiently in terms of efficiency, as well as a larger number of propeller blades. There are many options for the design of the windmill in which the propeller can occupy a vertical or horizontal position. In order not to offend the designers, we will not talk about the form, we will talk about the content on the example of a wind generator with a horizontal axis of propeller. The most important thing in it is the balanced fastening of the flywheel and propeller with the flange of the rotor shaft, otherwise the flywheel can be torn by the moving shaft dispersed to high speed in the case of a sharp stop of the blades.
PVC remains the most affordable, light and practical material for the manufacture of blades, although it is possible to apply string boards or plywood less from climatic phenomena, cut and curved old buckets, sheet metal (steel, duralumin) up to 2 mm thick. His speedyness depends on the thickness of the propeller, but his weight also plays an important role in friction in the bearing. To determine the optimal diameter of the blade, you need to know the main dependence between the power of the wind generator and its structural features. This dependence with minor errors is described by the formula: P = D2V3/7000 kW, where P is the power of the wind generator (KW), D is the diameter of the blade (M), V is the average annual wind speed (m/s). It is quite obvious that in this case the size matters.
Having decided on the choice of material, we cut out and give the propeller an aerodynamic shape. In the center of the propeller (hub) we make a hole, attaching the flywheel with bolts, put on the device on the axis of the generator rotor, fix it in the flange connection.
As for the propeller connection with the generator, more complex structures provide for the transmission of the rotating moment through the gearbox or belt transmission (using bicycle chains for this), but it is easier and easier to make a straight connection of propeller with the rotor of the shaft. There are also a lot of options for fastening the generator and propeller to the mast: the clamps, stainless wire or the most reliable — the welded frame -style frame, which is attached with the help of a ball -bearing mechanism to the mast so that there is no skew.
The mast is a metal pipe that performs the function of the supporting structure. All component components of the wind generator are collected separately and subsequently mounted on the mast.
To convert the wind energy into electricity, a direct current is required, the power of which is selected according to special criteria. The power of the battery charge depends on the power of the generator: the more powerful — the faster you can accumulate and spend energy. The misconception is that a powerful generator is necessary if the wind speed is weak. You can use step engines, automobile generators, collector and other asynchronous engines, generators from dead motoblocks, old washing machines, but better slow. The first parameter that determines the choice of engine is the rotor speed, and then the power is already. For a wind generator, electric motors with a low speed of rotation (less than 500 about. /min.) are more effective and productive in terms of efficiency. Strengthening the wind leads to an increase in current, but not to an increase in speed. Stepmane engines with a capacity of 30 watts are best suited, but finding one is on sale is almost unrealistic. Of course, the high power of the electric generator loses its value in the absence of the required wind speed. The second violin is played by the power of the inverter, which converts direct current into alternating. To accumulate energy in poorly -white weather, you also need a battery, ordinary car, well, and the charging unit to it, t. To. With a low rotation frequency developed by the voltage generator, it may not be enough. The battery interacts in order to provide an uninterrupted supply of accumulated electricity in the absence of wind.
Using a rectifier bridge or diode, it remains to assemble a generator, battery, inverter, control post of battery charging with measuring equipment in a single chain, we skip the cable inside the mast pipe, remove the wires to power power consumers.
