Squads (drilling) are complexes of special equipment and technical structures that are used to drill various wells. The design, mechanisms and equipment of the brown are determined by the methods and conditions of drilling, as well as the purpose and depth of the well. Worms can be classified according to the type of work, drilling, drive, type of dislocation and technical movement. When drilling, as a rule, heavy equipment and trucks are used, such as the semi-sulfur tonara. For crushing solid rocks, special drilling equipment is used. In the direction, drilling can be horizontal, inclined and vertical.
Burilled installations are used in a variety of industries:
· Seismic intelligence · Creation of shallow wells for various purposes;
· Engineering work;
· Intelligence of mineral minerals;
· Deep wells for the search and extraction of hydrocarbon minerals;
· Construction of pile foundations;
· Explosive wells in mines;
· Artesian water wells.
Drill units also differ in the methods of installation and transportation. They are collapsible and non -timing. The latter are divided into self -propelled and non -self -propelled. Non -self -propelled equipment equipment is moved on special transport without a motor installation (drill base, trailer, salamia). During loading work, heavy crane equipment is actively used. For example Terex Demag. Self-propelled installations are built into moving transport (trucks, tractors, self-propelled drill bases, vessels) to create wells with a depth of 2-10 km, as a rule, collapsible equipment is used. Such an installation, in turn, can be small -block or large -block. The former are very compact and can move on vehicles or even with aviation. Large -block installations move only with the help of special heavy trucks. Types of drilling according to the used drill methods and methods of installation also differ. They can carry out:
· Shock, rotational or rotational drilling;
· Vibration drilling;
· Discharge-mulse drilling;
· Fire -free drilling.
In addition, drilling rigs differ in energy saving methods. They can have autonomous power or work from the central power grid. To power autonomous drillers, ordinary gasoline or diesel-type engines, as well as diesel-generator devices are used. Centralized supply of electricity is performed from industrial electric networks.
Drilling plants can consist of different components and details. Their design depends on the diameter and length of the drill barrel, such as drilling and the purpose of the well. Drilling usually consists of shelter (various structures), base, winch, rotating or rotational device and tower itself. In addition, the equipment includes containers with gas, gaseous and liquid substances, energy equipment, tools used for lifting and descents. In addition to this, the drill are equipped with special equipment, which prevents emissions, measuring control of a ground or deep type, as well as non-state-control systems. Board are equipped with special pumps that flush the well during drilling. This is done with the aim of cooling, cleaning the canal from the breed, as well as its removal to the surface.
